Gas Laws Calculator

Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of an ideal gas:

PV = nRT

• P = Pressure
• V = Volume
• n = Number of moles
• R = Gas constant (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)
• T = Temperature (in Kelvin)

Boyle's Law (Constant T, n)

At constant temperature and amount of gas, pressure and volume are inversely proportional:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

When volume decreases, pressure increases, and vice versa. This is why a sealed syringe resists being compressed.

Charles's Law (Constant P, n)

At constant pressure and amount of gas, volume and temperature are directly proportional:

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

When temperature increases, volume increases. This is why a balloon expands when heated.

Gay-Lussac's Law (Constant V, n)

At constant volume and amount of gas, pressure and temperature are directly proportional:

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

When temperature increases, pressure increases. This is why an aerosol can becomes dangerous when heated.

Gas Constant (R) Values

• 0.08206 L·atm / (mol·K)
• 8.314 J / (mol·K) or Pa·m³ / (mol·K)
• 8.314 kPa·L / (mol·K)
• 62.364 L·mmHg / (mol·K)

Standard Conditions

• STP: 0 °C (273.15 K) and 1 atm — 1 mol of gas occupies 22.414 L
• NTP: 20 °C (293.15 K) and 1 atm
• SATP: 25 °C (298.15 K) and 1 bar